Django - Template System Django makes it possible to separate python and HTML, the python goes in views and HTML goes in templates.
The Render Function
This function takes three parameters −
Request − The initial request.
The path to the template − This is the path relative to the TEMPLATE_DIRS option in the project settings.py variables.
Dictionary of parameters − A dictionary that contains all variables needed in the template. This variable can be created or you can use locals() to pass all local variable declared in the view.
Displaying Variables
A variable looks like this: {{variable}}. The template replaces the variable by the variable sent by the view in the third parameter of the render function.
hello.html
1 | Hello World!!!Today is {{today}} |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | def hello(request):from django.shortcuts import renderfrom django.http import HttpResponse from datetime import datetimedef index(request): return render(request, "index.html", {}) def hello(request): myDate = datetime.now() #formatedDate = myDate.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") #today = myDate.strftime("%A") today = myDate.strftime("%a") daysOfWeek = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'] return render(request, "hello.html", {"today" : today, "days_of_week" : daysOfWeek}) #return render(request, "hello.html", {"today" : today}) |
Hello World!!!
Today is Sept. 11, 2016
Tag if
Just like in Python you can use if, else and elif in your template −
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | <html> <body> Hello World!!!<p>Today is {{today}}</p> We are {% if today == 'Sun' %} the Sunday day of month. {% elif today == 30 %} the last day of month. {% else %} I don't know. {%endif%} </body></html> |
Tag for
Just like 'if', we have the 'for' tag, that works exactly like in Python. Let's change our hello view to transmit a list to our template −
1 2 3 4 5 | def hello(request): today = datetime.datetime.now().date() daysOfWeek = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'] return render(request, "hello.html", {"today" : today, "days_of_week" : daysOfWeek}) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | <html> <body> Hello World!!!<p>Today is {{today}}</p> We are {% if today.day == 1 %} the first day of month. {% elif today == 30 %} the last day of month. {% else %} I don't know. {%endif%} <p> {% for day in days_of_week %} {{day}} </p> {% endfor %} </body></html> |
Hello World!!!
Today is Sept. 11, 2015
We are I don't know.
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Block and Extend Tags
A template system cannot be complete without template inheritance. Meaning when you are designing your templates, you should have a main template with holes that the child's template will fill according to his own need, like a page might need a special css for the selected tab.
Let’s change the hello.html template to inherit from a main_template.html.
main_template.html
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | <html> <head> <title> {% block title %}Page Title{% endblock %} </title> </head> <body> {% block content %} Body content {% endblock %} </body></html> |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | {% extends "main_template.html" %}{% block title %}My Hello Page{% endblock %}{% block content %}Hello World!!!Today is {{today}}<br>We are{% if today.day == 1 %}the first day of month.{% elif today == 30 %}the last day of month.{% else %}I don't know.{%endif%}{% for day in days_of_week %} {{day}}<br>{% endfor %}{% endblock %} |
